At its core, string theory is an attempt to explain everything, the laws of nature, from the tiniest particles to the largest cosmic structures, in one unified framework. Instead of imagining the basic building blocks of the universe as tiny points (like in standard particle physics), string theory says they’re actually tiny, vibrating strings of energy. The way a string vibrates determines what kind of particle it becomes, one vibration might produce an electron, another could produce a photon.

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