Abstract: Seated rehabilitation is essential in early-stage recovery for patients who can sit but cannot stand or walk. Robotic-based lower limb rehabilitation provides precise, task-specific training ...

This project involves using an Arduino to measure distances using an ultrasonic sensor and controlling a buzzer and LED based on the measured distance. The provided Arduino code performs the following ...

Abstract: This paper addresses a novel hybrid active flux observer based encoderless control scheme for AC motors. An Extended State Observer (ESO) is used to combine voltage model (VM) and current ...