A tendon is a type of body tissue that connects muscle to bone. If a tendon becomes inflamed — painful and swollen — the condition is called tendonitis. In your hands, there are so-called extensor ...

During sterile injury or infection, the innate immune system produces cytokines as part of the innate immune response. Molecules such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 as well ...

As a teenager, Manuel Spitschan discovered that just like his father, if he felt the urge to sneeze, looking at bright light could induce it. What seemed like a funny family quirk is actually rooted ...

Micturition or urination is the process of emptying urine from the storage organ, namely, the urinary bladder. The detrusor is the smooth or involuntary muscle of the bladder wall. The urethral ...

Correspondence to Dr Bruce B Forster, Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia and University of British Columbia, Koerner Pavilion, UBC Hospital, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British ...

The gastrocolic reflex is a normal reaction that moves the colon after eating to make more room for food. Symptoms of an overactive gastrocolic reflex can include abdominal pain, cramping, and ...

The importance of colostrum in a newborn calf is no secret. However, it can be a challenge for producers to know whether a calf is getting enough colostrum to receive optimal passive immunity from its ...

1 Dementia Research Group, Institute of Neurology, University College, London, UK 2 Dementia Research Group, Institute of Neurology, University College, London; and Division of Neuroscience and ...

The vagal response is a series of symptoms that occur when the vagus nerve is stimulated. This response can be triggered by things like stress, pain, and fear. Symptoms of the vagal response include ...

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