Maintaining a constant current in Q1 requires that it be thermally coupled to Q2, since Q2 will dissipate most of the power in the circuit. The easiest way to do this is make Q1 the same transistor as ...

A similar low level of distortion is given by the amplifier layout (bipolar transistor with constant current load) described earlier because of the very high stage gain of the amplifying transistor ...

This circuit uses a few standard discrete components to provide a user-settable current-limit function with closed-loop performance. In addition, the limiter function can be turned on and off via ...

A major current law has been rewritten thanks to the three-port transistor laser. Data the transistor laser generated did not fit neatly within established circuit laws governing electrical ...

This dummy-load circuit, which is useful for testing power supplies and power amplifiers, is based on the Maxim MAX6006 voltage-reference IC and MAX480 operational amplifier.