A hot gas dissociates very quickly, on the order of microseconds. One might think we could neglect the speed of dissociation, then, and model the gas in an equilibrium state. However, many things ...

The ocean plays an important role in the global carbon cycle by absorbing about one-quarter of the carbon emitted by human activities every year. A study published recently in Nature Geoscience and co ...

Living systems are achieved by complex chemical reaction dynamics far from equilibrium, such as gene expression networks, signalling networks, metabolic circuits and neural networks. The design, ...