Primary performance data for passive fiber-optic devices is provided by spectral measurement of optical insertion loss (IL) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL). Often used to characterize optical ...

A laser Doppler vibrometer’s (LDV) real-time capability enables measurement times roughly six orders of magnitude smaller compared to any method that is based on strobe techniques or provides a ...

Stanford researchers have unveiled a new type of frequency comb, a high-precision measurement device, that is innovatively small, ultra-energy efficient, and exceptionally accurate. With continued ...

Microwave frequency measurement techniques are at the forefront of modern research, enabling accurate real-time analysis of high-speed signals for applications ranging from next-generation ...