Analysing human societies as complex systems can provide an insight into historical processes and the strengths and weaknesses of capitalism. Analysing human societies as complex systems can provide ...

Negative Imaginary (NI) systems theory is an emerging branch of control theory that focuses on the frequency response characteristics of dynamical systems. At its core, the theory exploits conditions ...

In fields ranging from immunology and ecology to economics and thermodynamics, multi-scale complex systems are ubiquitous. They are also notoriously difficult to model. Conventional approaches take ...