The flowchart of panicle detection, flowering panicle identification, and individual panicle tracking. (A) Original high-resolution image. (B) Cutting into sub-images. (C) Manual annotation. (D) ...

Rising day and night temperatures are threatening rice, wheat, and maize production by disrupting plant growth, grain filling ...

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for many people, but rice production is challenged by climate change, making it critical to improve yield traits such as panicle number per unit area (PNpM 2).