The concept of noise power ratio (NPR) has been around since the early days of frequency division multiplexed (FDM) telephone systems. The NPR is simply a measure of the “quietness” of an unused ...

It turns out the rapid growth of AI has a massive downside: namely, spiraling power consumption, strained infrastructure and runaway environmental damage. It’s clear the status quo won’t cut it ...

The transition from second-generation (2G) to third-generation (3G) wireless cellular systems requires multi-standard adaptability in a wireless receiver. An important answer to this request is the ...

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This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. Delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are fascinating—almost mythical in their ability to support low- to medium-speed and ...

A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) lets us express the relationship between signal and noise powers, as well as between the root-mean-square (rms) values of signal and noise voltages: SNR (dB) = ...