X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, otherwise known as XPS, is a powerful spectroscopic technique for measuring the binding energies of core electrons. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a technique is ...

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

Researchers have improved an ambient-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy instrument using hard X-rays and succeeded in photoelectron spectrometry under real atmospheric pressure for the first time in ...

For the first time, and contrary to popular belief, scientists measured the vibrational structure of hydrogen and helium atoms by X-rays. The results disprove the misconception that it’s impossible to ...

X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...