Concept-driven preparation of these high-yield Physical Chemistry chapters can turn fear into assured marks in JEE Main ...

Chemical equilibria in reactive systems underpin many natural and industrial processes, where the interplay between chemical reactions and phase separations yields complex behaviours. In these systems ...

Through consideration of the ionic equilibria of acids and bases, one may readily calculate the formation constant of a salt species solely on the basis of knowledge of the pKA value of the acid and ...

The following example is used in many test libraries for nonlinear programming and was taken originally from Bracken and McCormick (1968). The problem is to determine the composition of a mixture of ...

A study reveals that cells produce excess heat as a 'tax' for maintaining chemical reactions far from equilibrium for ...

Equilibrium thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, transport properties, gas laws, and phase equilibria with an emphasis on solution behavior and applications to molecules important in the environmental ...