Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

As the acronym suggests XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) is a spectroscopic technique. An XPS spectrum is displayed as the number of photoelectrons collected by the detector as a function of ...

Spectroscopy analyzes light to identify a celestial object's composition. Each element absorbs light at unique wavelengths, creating a spectral "fingerprint". The amount of light absorbed indicates ...

For the first time, and contrary to popular belief, scientists measured the vibrational structure of hydrogen and helium atoms by X-rays. The results disprove the misconception that it’s impossible to ...