The FD= and FDHESSIAN= options specify the use of finite difference approximations of the derivatives. The FD= option specifies that all derivatives are approximated using function evaluations, and ...
THE first edition of this work, which is intended for students preparing for the first examination of the Institute of Actuaries, appeared in 1902. The present edition only differs from its ...
In this paper, due to the Borel lemma and Clunie lemma, we will deduce the relationship between an entire function f of hyper-order less than 1 and its n-th difference operator Δ c n f( z ) if they ...
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