EDN

RF Fundamentals: What actually creates the 90 degree coupler phase shift? Part 2

The term ζ is the coupling factor and is equal to the magnitude of the maximum coupling between the lines. The maximum coupling is written as maximum coupling = ζdB = 20Log(ζ) for BL = π/2. With ...
Electronic Design

Low-Profile 3-dB 90° Hybrid Couplers Boast High Q

AVX expanded its thin-film directional coupler family with developed two wideband, 3-dB, 90° hybrid couplers: a 2100-MHz device for 1.5- to 2.1-GHz performance and a 2700-MHz device for 2.1- to ...
Railway Age

Mechanical focus: couplers

Couplers need to be the strongest link in a train, capable of withstanding extreme forces of buff (compression) and draft (expansion). Since the semi-automatic “Janney” knuckle coupler was patented in ...
EDN

RF Fundamentals: What actually creates the 90 degree coupler phase shift? Part 3

A scattering matrix (or S parameter matrix) can be used to describe coupler performance with any passive termination. The S parameters within the matrix are measured using terminations which are equal ...