In their backgrounds and political styles, Canadian election front-runners Mark Carney and Pierre Poilievre are a study in contrasts.

Whatever the case, one thing was clear: Mr. Trump is not giving up on his obsession with Canada, and the new government that emerges from Monday’s vote will need to deal with a leader intent on both hurting Canada’s economy with tariffs, and coveting its vast resources.

The US president came to dominate on the campaign trail, with the contest being viewed as a referendum on how Canada should engage with him.